Sabtu, 22 Desember 2018

Free Ebook VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark

Free Ebook VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark

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VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark

VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark


VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark


Free Ebook VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark

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VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD MacrosBy Jeffrey E. Clark

VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD Macros helps you leverage the full power of AutoCAD and VBA to automate complex design tasks, integrate design data across the enterprise, and solve more challenging problems than ever before. Discover how AutoCAD and VBA work together in the real world¾and apply VBAÕs power to everything from 2D and 3D graphic objects to dimensioning, PaperSpace to database, and Web integration!

  • Sales Rank: #3842084 in Books
  • Color: Cream
  • Published on: 2001-12-20
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.10" h x 1.60" w x 6.90" l, 2.28 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 752 pages

From the Back Cover

The practical, realistic guide to AutoCAD problem solving with VBA.

  • Make AutoCAD do more than you ever thought possible!
  • Automate your most complex design tasks
  • Integrate design data with enterprise systems, databases, and the Internet
  • Control PaperSpace, Viewports, and plotting
  • Build a complete AutoCAD database application—step-by-step

AutoCAD 2002 isn't just the world's #1 design and drafting tool. It's a powerful, programmable platform for automating complex design tasks, integrating design data with enterprise information systems, and solving a wide range of technical and business problems. The key to all that power is Visual Basic for Applications. And the key to AutoCAD VBA programming is in your hands: VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD Macros.

Clark ties together AutoCAD's key tools and VBA's capabilities as never before, showing how AutoCAD and VBA work together in the real world — and helping you create real-world applications faster than you ever thought possible. One step at a time, you'll:

  • Take control of AutoCAD: master the fundamentals of automation, COM, and object-oriented programming
  • Get comfortable with AutoCAD's VBA Interactive Development Environment
  • Go under the hood with DXF to understand the structure of AutoCAD's drawing database
  • Master the AutoCAD object model: documents, user interface, file management, collections, objects, and beyond
  • Automate 2D and 3D graphic objects, external references, entities, modeled solids, dimensions, and events
  • Use VBA to control PaperSpace, Viewports, and plotting
  • Extend VBA to communicate with other applications and across the Internet

Deepen your skills with a start-to-finish case study application that integrates an AutoCAD drawing with a Microsoft Access database using Microsoft's Data Access Objects (DAO) technology. VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD Macros also contains concise references to AutoCAD system and enumerated variables, object inheritance, and graphical entities. If you're ready to leverage all the power built into AutoCAD 2002, this is the book you've been searching for!

About the Author

JEFFREY E. CLARK is project manager with a national consulting and systems integration firm specializing in facility management. He writes Visual Basic/VBA code on a daily basis to help create and maintain facility databases. An AutoCAD user for over 15 years, Clark has developed several commercial AutoCAD applications. His work has been featured in publications ranging from Cadalyst to Facilities Design & Management to PC Magazine.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Preface

Data management has been a central focus of mine throughout most of my 30-plus-year career. As an architect engaged mostly in working with business managers, helping them define their project needs (Should I build, lease, expand, or what? ... And how much do I need?), I needed a computer early on. I began using BASIC in 1970, on a timesharing network, to manage the data I collected and to produce reports.

Thus began my involvement with the BASIC language. I have used many dialects, from the line-numbered, Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code that came out of Dartmouth University around 1960, to the modern versions of VB and VBA. These are now among the favored languages for communicating with relational databases such as Oracle, SQL Server, and the like, and for creating content for the Internet.

BASIC was so-named because, as an interpreted language, it was easy to learn by incrementally developing a program, entering a few lines of code at a time, and then testing the result. At the time, however, many professional programmers thought it to be something of a toy. Mr. Gates, on the other hand, was a strong supporter of the language, introducing three levels of BASIC with the first IBM PC in 1981. Cassette BASIC was hardwired into the machines' ROM, and you could only save files to a cassette tape. (I never actually did that!)

The disk and advanced levels were built into Microsoft's first version of its operating system: MS-DOS 1.0. A BASIC compiler (BASCOM) was introduced shortly thereafter, which produced executable programs in .EXE format.

Late in the 1980s, QuickBasic was introduced with the first Interactive Development Environment (IDE) for DOS. This was followed in 1991 by Visual Basic 1.0, in both DOS and Windows versions. Visual Basic (VB) continues its growth in popularity.

Microsoft Word and Excel were the first components of Microsoft Office, and each had its own internal functionality for creating macros, essentially scripts that allowed certain procedures to be automated within the application. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) was first introduced in Excel in 1993. With the addition of Access, PowerPoint, and other products to the mix, VBA now provides an object-oriented programming environment common to all the Office components. This not only allows the creation of macros within each of the applications, but macros that allow Access, for example, to actually start up and communicate with Excel.

The AutoCAD World

AutoCAD is and always has been a database program. Underlying its graphic interface are lists within lists that define the entities that make up your drawing. During its evolution into a fully Windows-compatible product, many new data-oriented features were added.

Initially conceived as a drafting package and written by engineers, AutoCAD was designed with an accessible data structure that allows both the manipulation of its graphic entities as well as the attachment and extraction of textual and numeric data. Attribute extraction using AutoLISP was at first the only means of manipulating the data within the drawing, and this method was widely used in the DOS days of the mid-1980s, when I began using the application. The AutoCAD SQL Extension (ASE), introduced with Release 12 in the early 90s, provided a rudimentary interface to databases such as DBASE and PARADOX.

AutoCAD was recast in object-oriented C++ with Release 13 and the introduction of the AutoCAD Runtime Extension (ARX). Using ARX requires a programmer capable of creating DLLs using C++, which the average AutoCAD user is not. About the same time, however, AutoCAD users began experimenting with programs written in Visual Basic 3.0 using Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). Curiously, support for a more robust connection between VB and AutoCAD had been provided in Release 12, but was dropped in Release 13. Autodesk added support for Microsoft's ActiveX Automation interface standard to Release 14, first allowing VBA access to AutoCAD objects.

Autodesk initially released AutoCAD 2000 in the spring of 1999, fully incorporating VBA. Further enhancements focusing on Internet functionality were a feature of the 2000i release in the summer of 2000. The development environment has a look and feel identical to that of any Microsoft Office component. With this convergence, the ability to write AutoCAD macros and communicate with other VBA-enabled applications is now fully accessible to the user.

Now, with the release of AutoCAD 2002, Autodesk has adopted a policy of regular releases, incorporating "technology extensions" in the form of incremental upgrades. The extensions added over each period of time will be incorporated into the latest modular release.

Who This Book Is For

AutoCAD 2002 is the flagship product of Autodesk, which, according to the company's web page "is the world's leading supplier of PC design software and digital content creation." Since its initial release in 1982, well over two million copies of AutoCAD have been shipped. There are nearly 1000 Autodesk Training Centers worldwide, and over one million students are trained on Autodesk products each year.

Eighty five percent of the companies in the Fortune 500 are Autodesk customers, and the firm's products are available in 19 languages. There are, according to Autodesk, over 200 user groups worldwide, along with almost 3000 registered developers.

There are also countless unregistered developers who have no formal relationship with Autodesk. They produce add-ons and customizations both for sale and for their own and their companies' use. The CAD Manager who needs to convert the layers of several hundred drawings received from another consultant is a potential AutoCAD developer. The Facility Manager who needs to link drawing attributes representing occupied and available areas to an Excel spreadsheet can now use VBA to accomplish this.

Automation using VBA allows the user to work on the AutoCAD side, or the Excel side, or in some other application, whichever he or she is more comfortable with. I have routinely used VBA to write SQL scripts to populate database tables, as well accessing and modifying drawings in AutoCAD. I used to do many of these things in AutoLISP, which was the only act in town for 15 years.

This book is for the AutoCAD and Office user who has problems to solve. Users who are already programmers can use it to familiarize themselves with the AutoCAD object model. Users who are not programmers will be able to get started by studying the book's examples.

My paramount goal, more than just presenting the components of VBA, is to tie together the disparate elements of AutoCAD with which you must be reasonably comfortable in order to use VBA effectively. The AutoCAD documentation treats, in unrelated discussions, many of those features that need to work in concert to get a job done. Understanding the DXF file representation, for example, together with some of the basic syntax of AutoLISP as it relates to the underlying database structure, provides the keys to unlocking the AutoCAD drawing and manipulating its data. It is the purpose of this book to provide those necessary links.

What's in the Book?

VBA for AutoCAD 2002: Writing AutoCAD Macros is divided into three major sections:

  • The AutoCAD VBA Environment (Chapters 1-4)
  • Using the AutoCAD Object Model (Chapters 5-17)
  • Communicating with Other Applications and the Internet (Chapters 18-20)
  • There are four appendices containing additional reference material as well as some supplemental utilities and examples. Part Two, Using the AutoCAD Object Model, is by far the longest section, in which the application's numerous collections and objects will be discussed in detail.

    The following outline gives you an overview of what you can expect to see in each chapter.

    Part One: The AutoCAD VBA Environment

    Chapter 1, Taking Control of AutoCAD, introduces you to some of the concepts of Automation and Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM). In it we will talk about what we mean by object-oriented programming; its tripartite foundation of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism; and define such terms as class, interface, and binding. We will look at a programming example that reads data from an Excel worksheet and creates an AutoCAD drawing with it, without either application being visible, in 30 lines of code. Finally, we will introduce a system that we will use to chart all of AutoCAD's methods, properties, and events, categorizing them in a concise reference format that will be used throughout the book.

    Chapter 2, The VBA Environment, shows you how to use the Interactive Development Environment (IDE); how to create, edit, and save VBA projects; and differentiates between global and embedded projects.

    Chapter 3, DXF: Key to the Drawing Structure, goes into some necessary detail about DXF that will add to your understanding of the drawing database. Subclass markers, which are the reflection of AutoCAD's internal object structure, are introduced. We will develop two small VBA projects. One lets you look at selected DXF entity data within an AutoCAD drawing (DWG) file, and the other searches for specified entities in a DXF file. At the end of the chapters we will look at two tiny procedures that do the same thing, one in VBA and one in AutoLISP. You can decide for yourself which is the more accessible of the two languages.

    Chapter 4, Elements of the Object Model, introduces the AutoCAD object model. We will talk a little more about Automation interfaces, but will concentrate on taking a high-level view of the collections and objects that VBA offers within AutoCAD.

    Part Two: Using the AutoCAD Object Model

    Chapter 5, Documents and the User Interface, begins our top-down examination of the object model in detail. In the first part of the chapter we will talk about file management: creating, opening, saving, closing, importing, and exporting drawings. Then we will turn our attention to the user interface, discussing how to control your display and how to handle views and viewports.

    Chapter 6, Collections and Objects, continues our traversal of the object model with a discussion of the Application and Document objects. We will discuss such document-related functions as layer management and then look at how to manage Collections and access the data within the Objects they contain.

    Chapter 7, Utility Objects, concludes our introduction of the AutoCAD object model. In this chapter we will concentrate on functions related to creating and editing drawing data, such as Selection Sets: How to select entities in the drawing in order to do something to them. The utility object includes methods for acquiring and converting the formats of data and accessing the Internet.

    Chapter 8, Blocks and External References, prefaces Chapters 9-11, which deal with the AutoCAD graphic objects, or entities, both two- and three-dimensional. Blocks are complete AutoCAD drawings that have been inserted into other drawings, as symbols in many instances. We discuss Attributes in this chapter, which provide one of the means by which alphanumeric data can be stored and accessed in AutoCAD drawings.

    External References, which are similar to blocks, exist when other drawings are not actually inserted, but references to them are created so that changes appear automatically when the referenced drawings are updated. In Chapter 8 we will create procedures to rename and redefine XRefs, as they are called, while preserving their insertion instances.

    Chapter 9, Entities, covers all 23 basic AutoCAD Entities exclusive of the modeled solids and dimensions. We will dwell at some length upon some of the more interesting ones such as the Multiline, seeing how it is constructed and how to create multiline styles using DXF representation. Both kinds of meshes are treated in detail. We will create a Polyface Mesh from a data table stored in a text file and a Polygon Mesh using an Excel VBA macro and a point matrix stored in a worksheet.

    Chapter 10, Solids, covers the 11 three-dimensional entities in the domain of AutoCAD's solid modeler. In addition to constructing them, we will concentrate on the methods for editing them, creating compound objects using Boolean functions, making sections, and slicing. Finally, we will discuss their mass properties, such as moment of inertia, and what these properties mean.

    Chapter 11, Dimensions, covers the seven basic dimension types together with the Leader and Tolerance objects. We begin this chapter with a discussion of dimension styles and how to manage them. Creating and using special symbols with the tolerance object for annotation purposes is also covered. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to the dimensioning properties, which are categorized according to AutoCAD's dimension style manager. Each property is defined, along with its corresponding system variable.

    Chapter 12, Editing, extends our vocabulary of methods for changing and manipulating AutoCAD objects, such as Copy, Move, and the like. We will spend some time on a subject that is often glossed over, the use of geometric transformation matrices. We will develop a procedure that uses the TransformBy method to dynamically zoom and scale a three-dimensional object.

    Chapter 13, Events, deals with AutoCAD's "inflection points," which occur whenever there is a change of state in the application itself, the drawing you are working on, or an entity. You can write VBA subroutines called event handlers that automatically execute whenever the event to which they are connected occurs.

    Chapter 14, Forms and Controls, covers the principal user interface with VBA programs. Forms are containers for dialog box controls such as command buttons, list boxes, and the like, through which the user directs the program. After introducing the standard toolbox and some tips for using it, we will spend the balance of the chapter developing a utility application to discover how to integrate the form interface with many of the entity creation and editing functions we have been discussing. The utility application, called Relative, copies or moves selected entities relative to an existing location, using a dialog box. Relative also draws lines and polylines relative to a specified start point.

    Chapter 15, PaperSpace and Plotting, will discuss Viewports along with the Plot Configuration and Layout objects, two alternative means of formatting drawings. PaperSpace is AutoCAD's environment intended for setting up drawings to print. We will look at the methods for detecting plotter and media characteristics in order to produce the desired output.

    We will develop a plotting application called BatchPlot, which will format (in paper space) and plot multiple drawings with your desired layer settings. You specify the drawings to be printed using either Visual Basic's common dialog box or a list contained in a text file.

    Chapter 16, Preferences, deals with parts of the AutoCAD object model that control characteristics of the application itself, its environment, and the means of manipulating it, rather than the drawing itself. These are of two types, preferences stored in the registry, corresponding to the tabs on the AutoCAD's dialog box for user options, plus user options stored in the drawing that can be accessed from other applications without the use of AutoCAD itself.

    Chapter 17, Menus, gives you the means of altering AutoCAD's main menu, toolbars, and other menus using VBA.

    Part Three: Communicating with Other Applications and the Internet

    Chapter 18, Extensibility, will demonstrate how you can use VBA to communicate with other applications. It covers extended entity data in detail, introducing some concepts and test data that will be used more extensively in Chapter 19's project.

    This chapter also covers working in a zero document state, the VBA interface itself, and a brief section on ARX application handling.

    Chapter 19, The Facility Project, ties together much of the material presented throughout the book into an application that links an AutoCAD drawing to a Microsoft Access database. The facility project (FP) uses Microsoft's Data Access Objects (DAO) object model to integrate AutoCAD with Access, in order to track area allocation in an office layout.

    Chapter 20, The DWF Object Model, will go beyond AutoCAD, using and give you an understanding of how to use this additional functionality in querying and displaying drawings in DWF format over the Internet. AutoCAD's Whip! viewer, which is freely downloadable for displaying drawings in a browser, also has a VBA programming interface.

    We will develop an Excel-based procedure that locates a specified floor drawing and room based on a row selection in a worksheet.

    Appendices

    Appendix A, System Variables: A dictionary of the AutoCAD system variables, other than those pertaining to dimensions covered in Chapter 11.

    Appendix B, Enums: A listing of AutoCAD's enumerated variables, defined integer constants used in developing VBA macros.

    Appendix C, Object Inheritance: A chart of AutoCAD's COM interface hierarchy.

    Appendix D, DXF Reference: A selection of the basic graphical entities as they are represented in DXF format. An Excel VBA application is included that will read your DXF files and list the various sections in a conveniently readable format.

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    Kamis, 20 Desember 2018

    Free Ebook Microbiology: Principles and Explorations

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    About the Author

    Jacquelyn Black?received her B.A., B.S., M.S. from the University of Chicago and her Ph.D. from Catholic University of America. She has been teaching microbiology to undergraduates since 1970. She is a member of the American Society for Microbiology, and she has received grants for conducting teacher-training programs.In May 0f 2000, the Washington Academy of Sciences gave Jackie the?Leo Schubert Award for Excellence in Teaching of Science in College. This award is given for exceptional teaching and writing in the field of microbiology, with particular emphasis on the teaching o undergraduate students.In addition to her extensive teaching experience, Dr. Black has engaged in fieldwork and studies throughout the globe. Her travels have taken her from the interior of Iceland to Belgium, Germany, Lappland, China, South America, Portugal, the barrier reef of Belize, and most recently to over a dozen universities in Russia.Dr. Black describes herself as an "incorrigible snoop," interested in all the various aspects and applications of microbiology. this natural curiosity, coupled with her classroom and laboratory experience, makes her uniquely qualified to author an introductory microbiology textbook. This book conveys her sense of excitement for microbiology and offers the most current information on developments and applications within this field.

    Read more

    Product details

    Hardcover: 960 pages

    Publisher: Wiley; 9 edition (August 10, 2015)

    Language: English

    ISBN-10: 1118743164

    ISBN-13: 978-1118743164

    Product Dimensions:

    9.4 x 1.3 x 10.8 inches

    Shipping Weight: 5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

    Average Customer Review:

    3.6 out of 5 stars

    57 customer reviews

    Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

    #79,989 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

    I strongly believe this should be the standard microbiology book for medical school, period. This text is in my top 5 medical books, it greatly outshines the other "recommended" microbiology texts. First of all, it has ALL the scientific facts you will ever be asked in medical school and residency. But most importantly, these facts are presented in amazingly interesting and tremendously relevant form. I fully agree with the editorial reviews of this text. I found the faculty recommended texts to be cumbersome, over-complicated, woefully lacking in explanations, and what's worse, the presentation of the material is completely random. When you have to read and study a large volume material, it's very important to know WHY you are reading this. That's what makes this text the hands down winner. I can assure you, you will actually be able to read this entire text, cover to cover, and that's important, because microbiology is one of the fundamentals of medical science, so "skipping steps" is definitely not a good strategy. You may hear people talking of a text by Jawetz, good luck with reading that cover to cover, LOL!

    For a 9th edition of this book, its really not great. Many times it is vague and doesn't actually defined the bold words. I have had this book for only about 2 days and I have found several typos. In the review questions they have the same answer for 2 options and in one section of the book, it is contradictory, saying one thing in the paragraph and saying the opposite in the table below. My class uses this book, but I am somewhat disappointed in its ability to supplement my notes. I rely heavily on textbooks and this one does not have my trust because they can't even keep its facts straight. If possible, get a different book. For what its worth, renting is really cheap. I guess you get what you pay for.

    Used this a while back and decided to write a review. Decent introductory text for a microbiology text. If you want more in depth Microbiology information you'd have to go for something else. This book does its job though for Medical Microbiology classes.

    Book looks like a packaged mess, the cover is barely attached, I doubt if this will leave the house, because I won't be held responsible when by the end of the semester it finally falls off.

    Got an A in my microbiology class 😁😁 great book.. Easy to.read and understand i gotta say i learned alot about micro ..first biology class i liked and im a bio major ..maybe there still.hope..but then again its college and it all depends on they professor good luck.

    The price to rent the book was around $20, and that’s probably because when I got it out of the box, the back cover was completely torn from the binding and the front cover of the book is on there upside down and actually on the back of the textbook.. it will do but it really won’t stay together, especially if I carry it in my backpack with my other books like intended.

    It was a required textbook for my Intro to Microbiology course I am currently taking. It has lots of pictures and diagrams, which is great for anyone who is a visual learner. The only con about it is that is goes a bit too much in depth for just an Introduction course. There have been countless times my professor stated that we did not need to know all of the tiny details, that what she discussed in lecture (usually the general information) was good enough.

    The spine is falling apart, but luckily I do not need to use it a lot. Overall, renting still saved me a ton of money

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    Sabtu, 24 November 2018

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    • Sales Rank: #8089701 in Books
    • Published on: 1993-07-14
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 10.00" h x 2.00" w x 8.00" l,
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 224 pages

    About the Author
    Edwin Gentzler is Director of the Translation Center and Associate Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is co-editor (with Maria Tymoczko) of Translation and Power (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, forthcoming) and author of numerous articles on translation theory and practice. He serves as co-editor (with Susan Bassnett) of the Topics in Translation Series for Multilingual Matters and is on the editorial board of several journals, including Metamorphoses (Amherst/Northampton), Across (Hungary), and Cadernos de Tradução (Brazil).

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    Minggu, 28 Oktober 2018

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    Kamis, 25 Oktober 2018

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    Meng Jiangnu Brings Down the Great Wall brings together ten versions of a popular Chinese legend that has intrigued readers and listeners for hundreds of years. Elements of the story date back to the early centuries B.C.E. and are an intrinsic part of Chinese literary history. Major themes and subtle nuances of the legend are illuminated here by Wilt L. Idema's new translations and pairings.

    In this classic story, a young woman named Meng Jiang makes a long, solitary journey to deliver winter clothes to her husband, a drafted laborer on the grandiose Great Wall construction project of the notorious First Emperor of the Qin dynasty (BCE 221-208). But her travels end in tragedy when, upon arrival, she learns that her husband has died under the harsh working conditions and been entombed in the wall. Her tears of grief cause the wall to collapse and expose his bones, which she collects for proper burial. In some versions, she tricks the lecherous emperor, who wants to marry her, into providing a stately funeral for her husband and then takes her own life.

    The versions presented here are ballads and chantefables (alternating chanted verse and recited prose), five from urban printed texts from the late Imperial and early Republican periods, and five from oral performances and partially reconstructed texts collected in rural areas in recent decades. They represent a wide range of genres, regional styles, dates, and content. From one version to another, different elements of the story--the circumstances of Meng Jiangnu's marriage, her relationship with her parents-in-law, the journey to the wall, her grief, her defiance of the emperor--are elaborated upon, downplayed, or left out altogether depending on the particular moral lessons that tale authors wished to impart.

    Idema brings together his considerable translation skills and broad knowledge of Chinese literature to present an assortment of tales and insightful commentary that will be a gold mine of information for scholars in a number of disciplines. Haiyan Lee's essay discusses the appeal of the Meng Jiangnu story to twentieth-century literary reformers, and the interpretations they imposed on the material they collected.

    • Sales Rank: #965599 in Books
    • Published on: 2008-03-31
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 8.92" h x .75" w x 6.09" l, .60 pounds
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 240 pages
    Features
    • ISBN13: 9780295987842
    • Condition: New
    • Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!

    Review
    "For the first time . . . English reader[s] will have the opportunity to view the contradictory figure of Meng Jiangnu in a range of historical and geographical settings. Selected and translated by a master translator and accompanied by an impressive array of supporting and analytical material."―Anne E. McLaren, Nan Nu, v11 2009

    "Meng Jiangnu Brings Down the Great WallThis is a very useful addition to the limited store of English translations of Chinese folklore, and one that should have appeal beyond those interested in Chinese folk narrative . . . a solid contribution to both legend studies and Chinese folklore studies in English."―David Gay, Western Folklore, Volume 39 (3-4)

    "As a wall-destroying beauty, Meng Jiangnu belongs, literally, to the 'wall topplers' (qingcheng) femme fatales of Chinese history. Wielding the specifically feminine magic of tears, she is able to walk many paths between love and death. Idema's beautiful, small anthology is a splendid tribute to this figure. It is at the same time a highly commendable introduction to the richness and complexity of Chinese oral traditions."―Journal of Chinese Religions

    "Idema's ten versions of the story . . . offer fascinating insight into variations of the tale and how different genres and regional styles emphasized these variations for particular purposes. Idema's translations are superb and read extremely well in English. . . . Recommended. All readers, all levels."―Choice

    Review
    "A very important work and a true contribution to the study of traditional Chinese literature."―Mark Bender, Ohio State University

    From the Publisher
    "A very important work and a true contribution to the study of traditional Chinese literature." - Mark Bender, Ohio State University

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    Sabtu, 20 Oktober 2018

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    • Sales Rank: #73439 in eBooks
    • Published on: 2015-01-27
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    Review

    Crosby put ecological history on the map. His pioneering text has awakened, inspired, and challenged a generation of readers. It will, undoubtedly, become more relevant as the pace of global exchange increases. - The Sixteenth Century JournalThe Columbian Exchange is a seminal, educational, and uniquely insightful contribution to Native American, Medical History, and World History Studies reference collections and reading lists. - Library Bookwatch

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    About the Author

    Alfred W. Crosby, Jr. is professor emeritus of American studies, history, and geography at the University of Texas, Austin. He is the author of Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (1986), America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918 (1989), The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250–1600 (1997), and most recently Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History (2002).

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    Product details

    Paperback: 320 pages

    Publisher: Praeger; 1st edition (April 30, 2003)

    Language: English

    ISBN-10: 9780275980924

    ISBN-13: 978-0275980924

    ASIN: 0275980928

    Product Dimensions:

    5.8 x 0.7 x 8.8 inches

    Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

    Average Customer Review:

    4.7 out of 5 stars

    37 customer reviews

    Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

    #141,025 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

    This book appeals to me because it is packed with information.Goes into what happened to the native populations of the americas (outcome not so good) after europeans arrived, Also goes into food stuffs and how they were transported from the new world to the old world improving productivity and allowing for much greater growth and 'progress' in Europe and China.Is more of a technical and reference book, however it is very very well written,For those wanting an understanding of the real world, how things came to be, this is a fantastic book to read. Exceptionally informative, If you want to learn more about how the world as we know it came into being,,, then I thoroughly recommend this book. I could definately read it every few years to refresh my memory, and you dont do that with most books, A real standard in its genre in my opinion

    A very informative read. Most of us think of the pilgrims and thanksgiving when we think of food exchange by Europe and the New World. Most of that is fiction and mis-information. Crosby does a creditable job of cataloging migration of plants and animals between the New and Old World. He is a little light on the details. For instance the migration of the potato t\from South America to Spain, to Ireland, to North America warrants a chapter by itself. This is a good book, It would be better if it were expanded.

    Its been almost 40 years since the first publication of Alfred Crosby's _The Columbian Exchange_, but the work is monumental in its historical and ecological impact. The ideas furthered by Crosby - that the exchange of people, plants and disease from the Old World (not just Europe, but Africa and Asia as well) to the New irrevovably and dramatically changed ecosystems and global politics was revolutionary in its time. In the interveneing years it has been become accepted fact, which belies the impact and importance it initially had.The importation of disease from Europe to the Americas (largely unintentionally - no stories of "passing typhus riddled blankets to the Natives" here) decimated the population, as is typical when a new pathogen is introduced to a previously unexposed populaton. In fact, Crosby argues, it was disease rather than Spanish steel or horses that led to the conquest and occupation of the New World. I agree. And the diseases are legion: typhus, smallpox, influenza, typhoid, malaria, measles, whooping cough - these, along with the brutal policies implemented by the Spaniards led to the virutal extermination of the Arawak and the decimation of other Native populations. In a historical irony, Crosby convincingly argues that syphillis originated in the New World, a gift in return for the myriad of pathogens that liquidated so many indigenous Americans.The Columbian Exhange is also the exchange of mega-fauna. As Crosby writes, "seen from far above, one might have been led to think that the Europeans were actively replacing the indigenous population with pigs and horses." Indeed, the introduction of pigs, sheep, goats, cattle and especially horses had an immediate and far-reaching impact on the New World - not only socially (as Natives as far north as present-day Canada became horsemen) but ecologically, as these new animals impacted the eco-systems they were introduced to. Crosby also devotes attention to crops - not only those brought to the New World (sugar, especially), but those exported to the Old World - maize and potatoes most significantly. That the Columbian Exchange is still on-going is something Crosby points out with pessimism: as new plants, animals and diseases are introduced, the effects are not always pleasant, and not always what is intended. The long-term prognosis, in his opinion, is that the resulting narrowing of the genetic pool is to the detriment of all living things. While this is true, I think Crosby neglects to realize that evolution is continually on-going, and that the shrinking of the world (biologically speaking) is not the end, but rather an opportunity for new species to develop.A final point that Crosby misses - and perhaps this is due to the intervening years since its publication, is the long-term economic impact of the Columbian Exchange. I can't help but see the origins of the "first" (industrialized) world and the "third" (exploited - or "developing") world here - that the wealth of the New World: mineral, agricultural, and as an outlet for surplus population in Europe - was instrumental in the industrial / economic and later political domination of Europe, while the depopulaiton and exploitation (in terms of both natural resources and in human terms) of the indigenous Americans (an in turn, of West Africans) led to their place as "third world" nations. Perhaps I am going too far here, or asking too much of Crosby - the result of my own social and political leanings. Nonetheless, a landmark book that will change the way in which you understand and see the European discovery of the New World. Recommended.

    Wish I had read this book many years ago. Crosby lays out the influence, flowing in both directions, of the meeting of Europe/Africa with the Western hemisphere. It was and is way more of a give and take than you might imagine. Fascinating.

    The Columbian Exchange, by Dr. Alfred W. Crosby, as the title suggests, Crosby's work explains that the most influential aspect of the "discovery" of the "New World" in changing the paradigm of the "Old World" was not the economic ramifications or even the establishment of the United States, but instead the truly unforeseen biological and cultural effects. The Columbian Exchange is divided into four descriptive parts: a description of the paradigmatic shift as a result of Columbus' original crossing, a description of how disease factored into the colonization of the Americas, a description of how the flora and fauna of the "New World" was radically changed by the biological exchange and finally a description of how the Columbian biological exchange continues into the present. After the presentation of stockpiles of research and data, Crosby ends with the conclusion, of course, that the party that sustained the least amount of biological damage became the party less changed. The "New World," the Americas, was more drastically damaged and therefore changed than the "Old World," as Crosby infamously states, "there are two Europes and two Africas: one on either side of the Atlantic."Alfred W. Crosby received his PhD in History from Boston University, after completing his Bachelor's and Master's degrees at Harvard University. Dr. Crosby has taught at institutions such as the Ohio State University and Washington State University; however, Dr. Crosby has spent the majority of his teaching career (1977 to present) as Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin. He has also been granted visiting professorship at Yale University (1977), University of Hawaii (1991-2) and Umeå University, Sweden (1999). Dr. Crosby is also widely recognized outside of the discipline of history, mostly for his work as a bio-historian and in the field of historical archaeology. In 1988, he was awarded the Robert L. Stigler, Jr. Lectureship in Archeology at the University of Arkansas and in 2000 he was named a fellow of the American Philosophical Society. Dr. Crosby has also been awarded the "Giant" of World History Award at the World 2000 Conference on Teaching World History and World Geography.Though his professional and teaching awards are striking, Alfred W. Crosby is most noted for his accomplishments in historical writing. Though The Columbian Exchange is his most renowned book, his other publications have not escaped reputation. He has received several accolades throughout his career including the prestigious Fulbright Fellowship, 1979, and the Medical Writers' Association Award for Best Book on a Medical Subject for Laymen, 1976, for his book, Epidemic and Peace, 1918. For his book, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, Dr. Crosby was awarded the Friends of the Dallas Public Library Award for the scholarly book making the most important contribution to knowledge in 1987 and Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize of the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1988. He is truly a renowned bio-historian. His books, especially The Columbian Exchange, are used as indispensable for classroom assignments and reference books for high educational institutions everywhere.The first part of Crosby's book deals with the change in the historiography of the origins of the world. Crosby lays out a new process in which scientific and religious minds had to think after the discovery of the "New World," due to the obvious biological isolation of the American continent. This new process of thinking about human origins eventually paved the way for the theory of evolution and the replacement of Christian creationism with Darwinism in the realm of rational thought. The believers in the literal translation of creation stories in the Torah, the Bible or the Qur'an faced a faith shaking and life changing paradigmatic shift. These holy books that were always deemed to be a literal history became under analysis and attack. A whole new type of history was born; a history that was biologically-centered. Everything in Dr. Crosby's book focuses around the effect of biological exchange and everything about post-1492, according to Crosby, was changed by the Atlantic biological exchange. Nothing of the Indians' various cultures escapes the effects of biological exchange, not religion, political structure, work systems, most certainly not humans, themselves, nor landscape.In the second part of the book, Crosby's deals with his strongest and most original argument in The Columbian Exchange, this was the answer to the question, "Why were the Europeans able to conquer America so easily?" This answer is especially original because it puts the point of the sword directly upon disease, rather than Spanish brutality. This is a stark contrast to the historical literature of the twentieth century, even some proceeding the publishing of The Columbian Exchange in 1972. "It has often been suggested," Crosby evoke, "that the high mortality rates of these post-Columbian epidemics were due more to the brutal treatment of the Indians by the Europeans, than to the Indians' lack of resistance to imported maladies." After this statement, Crosby continues dispelling every type of "brutality" argument given by past historians and disputing that instead, biological disease was far more deadly. For example, Crosby mentions that the settlement in Roanoke, North Carolina, prior to any type of hostility between the settlers "open or hidden" that "within a few days after our departure from everies such townes, that people began to die very fast, many in a short space...The disease also was so strange that they neither knew what it was, nor how to cure it; the like by report of the oldest men in the country never happened before, time out of mind." The author even delves into the discussion of how quickly disease spread between the post-contact and proto-contact Indians: "[the Indians] now performed their last function on earth, to act as a reserve of pestilence in the "New World" from which the conquistador drew invisible biological allies for his assault on the mainland." This means of describing the brutal effect of disease on the Indians' resistance as well as on the Spanish conquest, seems to leave the Spanish looking less like monsters than previous historians. Crosby acknowledges the savagery used by the Spanish, but knows that the worst tragedy, the worst executioner, was far beyond the control or foresight of the Spanish.This is Crosby's most important historiographical contribution. His detailed and well researched description of the pre-contact "New World" clearly shows how the post-contact "New World" was changed radically through the biological exchange. Most of the contemporary historical fallacies that Crosby challenges have to do with the savagery and decimation of the Indians by the Spanish. Rather than seeming as though he is arguing for one side or the other, Crosby seems to try to rectify the mischaracterizations of the past with the depth and accuracy of his research. The reader begins to feel that the events that led to the occupation of the "New World" were less insidious and murderous on behalf of the Spanish, but rather biologically inevitable. Crosby does not give his audience the feel that he is trying to save the reputation of the invading Spanish, but that he is simply trying to describe how it actually was; taking no sides.Another of Crosby's strongest points in The Columbian Exchange is his description of the "New World" after the biological exchange. Crosby does not merely state "what actually happened," in the von Ranke fashion, for instance "the Spaniards reported that [disease] killed one third to one half of the Indians," but delves further into detail of how the Indian deaths affected everything about the "New World." Deadly disease turned everything the Indians' world upside-down. Not only did disease ravage the humans and decimate the population, but it upset the political, religious and work systems that the Indians had in place before. Crosby describes the fall of Tenochtitlan through the eyes of the Mexicans. After the initial Spanish invasion, smallpox from the Spaniards spread to the Mexicans of Tenochtitlan. Many of the chief men died of this disease and as a result, "the deaths of these important persons must have robbed the empire of much resiliency." Crosby describes empire after empire of American Indians that fell in such a manner. After the empire fell, the Spaniards would take it over and due to their appearance of immunity to this deadly disease, many of the Indians converted to Christianity, because they thought the Spaniard's God to be much more powerful and protective then their indigenous God.Another major result of the deaths of the majority of the Indian population was the change in work ethic, which then facilitated the importation and success of domesticated packing animals and livestock. Prior to European arrival, there was a lack of large animals in the Americas, domesticated or not. The largest animal native to the Americas was the jaguar. This meant that no matter how heavy or large the load, the Indians had to move it using only their strength. "As the number of humans plummeted," Crosby states, "the population of imported domesticated animals shot upward." After the depletion of the population, many working bodies, the Indians readily accepted the horses and cattle that were being brought to the Americas.The next part of The Columbian Exchange deals with the more subtle, but still important affects of the biological exchange on the "Old World," mostly Europe. For this section, Crosby does not revisit the paradigmatic shift, as in Chapter One; instead he visits the two most obvious biological effects on the "Old World": syphilis and food. Syphilis did not immediately begin decimating the population as smallpox or influenza did in the Americas, however, during times of cultural turmoil the disease took its toll. Crosby argues that venereal disease will only become a major problem to a society when "a society is in such chaos that the sexual morality breaks down. Such a sad state of affairs is usually the product of war." Though in the sixteenth century, syphilis raged in epidemics throughout Europe the fact of the matter was, that unlike smallpox, influenza or measles, syphilis was a "very dangerous infection, but not one that could be called explosive in the nature of its attack on the victim." Hence the same deadly toll was not taken on Europeans as it was on Indians.The food exchange, on the other hand, was an undeniable exchange of food staples for the Europeans. Most people know that the potato which became a staple for European peasants was not native to the "Old World," but came over in the exchange. However, what many do not know was that the tomato was not native to Europe, either. Crosby argues that "some American foods have been so thoroughly adopted by the Europeans that one cannot imagine what their national diets must have been like before Columbus...Who could imagine the Italian chef deprived of the tomato?" Aside from cuisine, Crosby paints a picture of a Europe faced with famine and utterly saved by the imported American staples such as potato, beans and maize.Just as he argues that the Spanish could not have foreseen what would have biologically taken place, Crosby also used the last part of his book to describe how epic and irreproducible the effects of the Columbian exchange truly were. Even though the exchange still continues today, it most probably "will never be repeated in as spectacular a fashion as in the Americas as in the first post-Columbian century, not unless there is, one day, an exchange of life forms between planets."Dr. Crosby's publications throughout the last three decades have moved seamlessly between both Spanish and English. Many of the sources used in The Columbian Exchange are written in Spanish, both contemporary documents and primary documents from the sixteenth century. This fluency allowed Crosby to read primary source documents crucial to his research with less of a chance of improper translation. For example, the author discusses the previous historical assessments of the epidemics facing the Indians as solely smallpox. However, in reading such primary source chronicles of the sixteenth century, he discovers that the Spanish word viruelas "is almost invariably translated as `smallpox,' it specifically means not the disease but the pimpled, pustuled appearance which is the most obvious symptom of the disease. Thus the generation of conquistadors may have used `viruelas' to measles, chicken pox, or typhus."The sources Dr. Crosby uses for The Columbian Exchange are no doubt what produced such a well-organized and data-based argument. It is not that the author uses several primary sources documents from Spanish conquistadors, colonists and Catholic religious, that is extraordinary, but using his fluency in Spanish translates the documents himself (as mentioned before). Crosby's new translations and interpretations aided the originality of his study of the effects of disease that ravaged the Indians. Nearly half of all of Crosby's sources are in Spanish. For this part of his description of the initial effects of European disease on Indians, Crosby uses very little secondary sources. He comes to nearly all personal and innovative conclusions. The secondary source material that Crosby does use for this section is a plethora of non-historical, medical texts, such as C.W. Dixon's, Smallpox, and Horacio Figueroa Marroquin's, Enfermedades de los Conquistadores. For the description of the pre- and post-Columbian flora and fauna of the "New World," Crosby uses some secondary historical texts, but again, relies mostly on primary descriptions from the Spanish. Then, Crosby steps outside of the discipline and uses food and botanical texts. Finally, for the description of the effect of Columbian biological exchange on the Europeans and the rest of the "Old World," Crosby relies mostly on secondary sources and encyclopedias, such as George P. Murdock's, Africa, Its People and Their Cultural History, Jean Astruc's, A Treatise on Venereal Diseases, and the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. In all, Crosby's comprisal of a variation of sources, not only sources from the historical discipline, but interdisciplinary sources, as well, made for a very credible account of his version of the Atlantic biological exchange.Crosby does not seem to be writing for any type of political or professional purpose. Unlike historians such as Howard Zinn or Jawaharlal Nehru, Crosby does not begin, flesh out, nor end his book including any type of political cause. The writing is more of matter-of-fact, like a biology text book, than driven by personal motive or arguments. A main question in historiography is how to be objective, while still producing a work that is "readable" to the general, popular public. The style in which The Columbian Exchange is written is as unchallenging to read as a bestselling novel, which probably adds to its popularity as a teaching tool in undergraduate and beginner's history courses. This type of mastery of "stylistic objectivity" makes this book an amazing model for the study of historiography.With the retail price of $29.95, this book is an investment, not only for historians or as a model for historiographical study, but also for every human being, especially for those on the "New World" side of the globe. Crosby does a wonderful job in describing just how radically and nonnegligible the effect of the initial voyage of Columbus was. The important he imposes upon the subject (and rightly so), makes it seem as though it is all humanity's duty to read his book and understand what truly occurred in the Columbian exchange and how drastically it shaped the known world today.

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